| RT-PCR |
Nodule formation |
up-regulated |
N/A |
GmENOD40 has a complex expression pattern during development of determinate soybean nodules. At early stages of development transcription is induced in dividing root cortical cells, the nodule primordium and the pericycle of the root vascular bundle. In mature soybean nodules, the gene is expressed in the uninfected cells of the central tissue and in the pericycle of the nodule vascular bundles. The GmENOD40 in the nodule vascular bundle requires the presence of intracellular bacteria or infection threads. GmENOD40 was localized in soybean roots at different time points after inoculation with B.japonicum USDA110 to determine where and when the gene is expressed during nodule formation. GmENOD40 gene expression in empty soybean nodule, which formed by B.japonicum mutant 3160. These nodules contain neither intracellular bacteria nor infection thresds. These empty nodules contain at the distal part a central vascular bundle. (Yang et al., 1993) ENOD40 expression was seen in dividing subepidermal cortical cells. ENOD40 expression in response to bacterial inoculation is first detectable in the pericycle of the central vascular system. ENOD40 expression in the pericycle can also be induced by nod signal addition in the absence of bacterial inoculation. ENOD40 express in soybean roots in response to various lipo-chitin signal molecules. (Minami et al., 1996) ENOD40 peptides are involved in the control of sucrose use in nitrogen-fixing nodules. Suggests that ENOD40 peptides may contribute to the control of photosynthate use in plants, which is consistent within situ hybridization studies that revealed that ENOD40 transcripts predominantly occur in the vascular bundles of mature soybean nodules. suggesting a role in the regulation of sucrose utilization in nodules. (Rohrig et al., 2002) The plant gene ENOD40 is one of the earliest nodulin genes specifically induced by nodulation factor-secreting rhizobia and appears to play an important role in root nodule organogenesis. ENOD40 is expressed at an early stage of root nodule organogenesis and has been postulated to play a central regulatory role in the Rhizobium-legume interaction. ENOD40 encoded peptides bind to SuSy suggest that these short translation products are involved in the control of sucrose utilization in nitrogen-fixing nodules. In addition to the two small peptides, the secondary structure of ENOD40 mRNA has been shown to be a key element in the signaling process underlying nodule organogenesis. Modification of sucrose synthase with ENOD40 peptide A activates sucrose cleavage activity whereas the synthesis activity of the enzyme is unaffected. The results are discussed in relation to the role of sucrose synthase in the control of sucrose utilization in nitrogen-fixing nodules. (Röhrig et al., 2004) |
8220464, 8758977, 11842184, 15541370 |
PLNlncRbase
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